EU food safety notifications by origin, 2020–2025

The EU's Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed recorded 25,645 food notifications in 2020–2025, naming 160 origin countries. 20.2% concerned fruits and vegetables; the most-cited hazard class was pesticide residues, and the most-cited substance salmonella.

Food only (feed and food contact materials excluded), all notification types — border rejections, alerts and information notifications — validated 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2025. Download every table (CSV).

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By year

Year	Notifications
2020	3,498
2021	4,187
2022	3,952
2023	4,259
2024	4,856
2025	4,893
2020–2025	25,645

Tables below show each year 2020–2025; cells are shaded against their row's own peak. Change compares 2025 with 2020 and is shown only where 2020 had at least 10 notifications ("new" where it had none). RASFF Window's data starts on 23 January 2020.

By notification type

Type	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2020–2025	Change
Border rejection Stopped at the EU's external border; the consignment was not let in.	966	1,377	1,414	1,419	1,583	1,353	8,112 (31.6%)	+40%
Alert A serious risk in a product on the EU market, needing rapid action.	1,348	1,444	1,129	1,210	1,224	1,371	7,726 (30.1%)	+2%
Information for attention A risk found, but the product is not on other members' markets, so they need not act rapidly.	755	895	923	969	1,225	1,313	6,080 (23.7%)	+74%
Information for follow-up A risk in a product on, or possibly on, other members' markets; follow-up needed, not rapid action.	429	471	485	661	824	856	3,726 (14.5%)	+100%
Non-compliance A breach of food law that is not a risk to health.	0	0	1	0	0	0	1 (0.0%)	—

By food category

Category	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2020–2025	Change
Fruits and Vegetables	534	953	837	802	989	1,053	5,168 (20.2%)	+97%
Nuts, Nut Products and Seeds	663	460	482	515	602	663	3,385 (13.2%)	+0%
Poultry Meat and Poultry Meat Products	455	370	332	396	420	395	2,368 (9.2%)	−13%
Dietetic Foods, Food Supplements and Fortified Foods	216	324	375	380	383	411	2,089 (8.1%)	+90%
Cereals and Bakery Products	223	250	276	339	406	336	1,830 (7.1%)	+51%
Herbs and Spices	181	358	304	319	329	314	1,805 (7.0%)	+73%
Fish and Fish Products	245	278	248	237	264	236	1,508 (5.9%)	−4%
Meat and Meat Products (Other Than Poultry)	188	200	186	197	223	214	1,208 (4.7%)	+14%
Other Food Product / Mixed	135	197	166	174	198	236	1,106 (4.3%)	+75%
Milk and Milk Products	85	105	99	117	132	132	670 (2.6%)	+55%
Confectionery	83	59	65	128	131	189	655 (2.6%)	+128%
Prepared Dishes and Snacks	76	91	107	98	151	118	641 (2.5%)	+55%
Bivalve Molluscs and Products Thereof	97	75	78	106	111	81	548 (2.1%)	−16%
Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations, Coffee and Tea	58	59	78	78	125	142	540 (2.1%)	+145%
Crustaceans and Products Thereof	34	70	67	95	73	78	417 (1.6%)	+129%
Soups, Broths, Sauces and Condiments	46	48	40	60	79	59	332 (1.3%)	+28%
Fats and Oils	34	47	42	60	41	56	280 (1.1%)	+65%
Non-Alcoholic Beverages	40	45	29	54	56	41	265 (1.0%)	+2%
Food Additives and Flavourings	19	77	43	17	18	15	189 (0.7%)	−21%
Cephalopods and Products Thereof	25	34	25	16	24	5	129 (0.5%)	−80%
Eggs and Egg Products	21	12	10	19	34	30	126 (0.5%)	+43%
Ices and Desserts	12	37	23	12	18	22	124 (0.5%)	+83%
Alcoholic Beverages	8	6	24	22	13	22	95 (0.4%)	—
Honey and Royal Jelly	5	6	3	9	6	19	48 (0.2%)	—
Food Contact Materials	4	7	2	2	6	12	33 (0.1%)	—
Natural Mineral Waters	2	12	1	2	7	1	25 (0.1%)	—
Water for Human Consumption (Other)	3	1	3	1	11	4	23 (0.1%)	—
Wine	3	1	3	3	1	5	16 (0.1%)	—
Gastropods	3	4	2	0	1	3	13 (0.1%)	—
Animal By-Products	0	0	1	1	1	1	4 (0.0%)	—
Feed Materials	0	0	1	0	1	0	2 (0.0%)	—
Not Stated	0	1	0	0	0	0	1 (0.0%)	—
Live Animals	0	0	0	0	1	0	1 (0.0%)	—
Plant Protection Products	0	0	0	0	1	0	1 (0.0%)	—

By hazard class

A notification citing hazards of two classes counts once in each, so rows can add up to more than the total.

Hazard class	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2020–2025	Change
Pesticide residues	717	1,142	990	932	981	865	5,627 (21.9%)	+21%
Pathogenic micro-organisms	886	863	836	832	917	863	5,197 (20.3%)	−3%
Mycotoxins	405	440	487	402	647	763	3,144 (12.3%)	+88%
Heavy metals	97	123	132	161	178	175	866 (3.4%)	+80%
Composition	77	87	90	124	127	148	653 (2.5%)	+92%
Food additives and flavourings	112	93	49	72	139	77	542 (2.1%)	−31%
Allergens	59	73	63	78	89	107	469 (1.8%)	+81%
Natural toxins (other)	32	33	47	96	102	100	410 (1.6%)	+212%
Biological contaminants	47	64	70	76	51	71	379 (1.5%)	+51%
Environmental pollutants	29	44	35	60	67	111	346 (1.3%)	+283%
Novel food	27	43	14	51	37	99	271 (1.1%)	+267%
Industrial contaminants	37	38	29	44	58	54	260 (1.0%)	+46%
Residues of veterinary medicinal products	25	29	35	43	52	56	240 (0.9%)	+124%
Non-pathogenic micro-organisms	13	15	15	31	37	42	153 (0.6%)	+223%
Foreign bodies	15	18	12	22	17	15	99 (0.4%)	+0%
Chemical contamination (other)	8	15	16	15	13	7	74 (0.3%)	—
Genetically modified	12	6	10	13	24	9	74 (0.3%)	−25%
Parasitic infestation	7	6	12	22	8	15	70 (0.3%)	—
Labelling absent/incomplete/incorrect	13	4	10	11	8	14	60 (0.2%)	+8%
Organoleptic aspects	1	3	12	11	16	10	53 (0.2%)	—
Not determined (other)	6	2	4	6	7	22	47 (0.2%)	—
Migration	3	6	5	6	9	13	42 (0.2%)	—
Gmo / novel food	18	17	2	3	0	0	40 (0.2%)	−100%
Radiation	5	11	5	8	3	6	38 (0.1%)	—
Adulteration / fraud	0	0	0	1	24	2	27 (0.1%)	—
Feed additives	0	2	0	1	6	1	10 (0.0%)	—
Packaging defective / incorrect	0	0	0	2	1	1	4 (0.0%)	—
Tses	0	0	1	0	1	1	3 (0.0%)	—
Poor or insufficient controls	1	0	0	0	0	0	1 (0.0%)	—
No hazard recorded	876	1,053	1,005	1,199	1,285	1,321	6,739 (26.3%)	+51%
Unclassified	0	0	0	1	17	14	32 (0.1%)	—

By risk level

Risk decision	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2020–2025	Change
Serious	2,482	2,558	2,444	2,256	2,460	2,338	14,538 (56.7%)	−6%
Potentially serious	1	1	8	584	784	968	2,346 (9.1%)	—
Potential risk	0	2	9	681	868	980	2,540 (9.9%)	—
Not serious	438	581	379	538	616	550	3,102 (12.1%)	+26%
No risk	29	47	47	74	128	57	382 (1.5%)	+97%
Undecided	548	998	1,065	126	0	0	2,737 (10.7%)	−100%

Most-cited substances

Labels RASFF records for one substance are merged (e.g. chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-ethyl); chemically distinct compounds stay apart.

Pesticide residues

Substance	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2020–2025	Change
chlorpyrifos	60	229	229	294	277	231	1,320	+285%
ethylene oxide	325	370	176	65	44	30	1,010	−91%
acetamiprid	39	55	60	74	133	113	474	+190%
chlorpyrifos-methyl	41	167	150	58	35	12	463	−71%
thiamethoxam	7	16	30	64	94	52	263	—
tricyclazole	13	19	47	59	63	30	231	+131%
carbendazim	19	32	32	45	59	33	220	+74%
imidacloprid	3	3	29	46	66	45	192	—
lambda-cyhalothrin	13	19	40	31	44	41	188	+215%
dimethoate	10	24	30	34	36	29	163	+190%

Other hazards

Substance	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2020–2025	Change
salmonella	643	623	580	535	583	540	3,504	−16%
aflatoxins	351	387	414	312	530	539	2,533	+54%
listeria monocytogenes	117	118	125	116	156	157	789	+34%
ochratoxin A	44	49	68	83	117	230	591	+423%
mercury	50	56	48	78	67	54	353	+8%
cadmium	36	43	61	57	75	71	343	+97%
sulphites	49	65	25	47	73	52	311	+6%
pyrrolizidine alkaloids	17	13	30	64	75	66	265	+288%
escherichia coli shigatoxin-producing	37	46	33	37	39	46	238	+24%
norovirus	37	14	36	44	59	34	224	−8%

By month

Pooled across 2020–2025. Each row is shaded against its own peak, so its season shows whatever its size. Border rejections peak in March; Alerts peak in November; Information notifications peak in October; Non-compliance peak in May.

By notification type

Type	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Peak
Border rejections	659	646	799	633	692	690	629	537	621	707	745	754	March
Alerts	537	603	616	566	546	587	656	638	619	736	825	797	November
Information notifications	627	708	930	721	796	781	905	740	757	1,024	913	904	October
Non-compliance	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	May

By hazard class

Hazard class	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Peak
Pesticide residues	492	457	531	424	418	431	438	330	345	519	607	635	December
Pathogenic micro-organisms	314	344	494	393	461	431	474	408	480	506	461	431	October
Mycotoxins	254	233	329	239	286	219	258	193	200	253	342	338	November
Heavy metals	37	59	80	70	78	68	87	68	81	90	79	69	October
Composition	42	43	44	47	48	46	65	68	49	88	48	65	October

Notifying member states

Member state	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025	2020–2025	Change
Netherlands	495	444	545	584	727	784	3,579	+58%
Germany	440	687	525	540	565	641	3,398	+46%
Italy	292	381	292	375	471	456	2,267	+56%
France	218	243	253	381	563	518	2,176	+138%
Belgium	210	284	365	314	345	310	1,828	+48%
Spain	183	488	292	273	303	276	1,815	+51%
Poland	163	292	279	252	260	330	1,576	+102%
Bulgaria	216	277	243	155	131	116	1,138	−46%
Denmark	108	158	113	144	129	99	751	−8%
Greece	42	42	139	173	137	142	675	+238%

Top origins by year

2025

Origin	Notifications
Turkey	479
Poland	308
Netherlands	296
India	276
France	238
United States	234
China	222
Italy	212
Spain	198
Germany	173
Belgium	145
Egypt	131
United Kingdom	107
Argentina	100
Brazil	77
Ukraine	72
Pakistan	71
Czech Republic	66
Thailand	64
Vietnam	64

2024

Origin	Notifications
Turkey	476
India	329
Poland	279
Netherlands	248
China	235
France	231
United States	215
Spain	193
Italy	190
Germany	180
Egypt	177
Brazil	139
United Kingdom	123
Pakistan	120
Belgium	118
Vietnam	115
Ukraine	88
Thailand	65
Iran	61
Argentina	53

2023

Origin	Notifications
Turkey	339
India	281
Poland	274
Netherlands	259
France	234
United States	204
Spain	203
Italy	179
China	175
Egypt	132
Germany	127
Belgium	114
Ukraine	96
United Kingdom	87
Nigeria	82
Pakistan	77
Brazil	75
Vietnam	71
Thailand	57
Ecuador	53

2022

Origin	Notifications
Turkey	504
India	314
Poland	287
France	215
Netherlands	203
Spain	162
China	157
United States	137
Germany	132
Italy	127
Belgium	114
Egypt	105
Brazil	94
Nigeria	75
Vietnam	71
Pakistan	66
United Kingdom	62
Morocco	58
Argentina	52
Thailand	46

2021

Origin	Notifications
Turkey	570
Poland	372
India	339
France	248
Spain	221
Netherlands	217
Germany	214
Italy	175
Brazil	174
China	159
Belgium	146
Egypt	120
United Kingdom	98
United States	97
Morocco	70
Iran	65
Argentina	45
Austria	40
Vietnam	40
Georgia	38

2020

Origin	Notifications
India	429
Turkey	366
Poland	351
France	234
Netherlands	207
Germany	157
Spain	140
United States	140
Belgium	139
United Kingdom	123
China	118
Italy	116
Brazil	91
Vietnam	45
Thailand	43
Egypt	40
Argentina	38
Iran	36
Sweden	33
Ghana	32

Method

Source: RASFF Window, the European Commission's public notification database; every food notification validated in 2020–2025.
A notification naming several origins counts once for each, so origin shares can add up to more than 100%.
Hazard classes are the ones RASFF attaches to each hazard. A hazard without a class is "unclassified"; a notification exported without any hazard is "no hazard recorded".
Counts describe what EU authorities found and reported. They depend on how often each product is checked, so they are not a rate of unsafe food.
Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Cite as "EU RASFF food notifications by origin, 2020–2025", fruit-risk.com, 2026-09-23, https://rasff.fruit-risk.com/reports/eu.html.

All origin reports