Italy in RASFF, 2020–2025
Italy was the origin of 999 of 25,645 EU food notifications in 2020–2025 (3.9%), ranking 9th of 160 origins. 14.7% concerned fruits and vegetables; the most-cited hazard class was pathogenic micro-organisms, and the most-cited substance salmonella.
Food only (feed and food contact materials excluded), all notification types — border rejections, alerts and information notifications — validated 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2025. Download every table (CSV).
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By year
| Year | Notifications | Share of EU total | Rank among origins |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 116 | 3.3% | 12 |
| 2021 | 175 | 4.2% | 8 |
| 2022 | 127 | 3.2% | 10 |
| 2023 | 179 | 4.2% | 8 |
| 2024 | 190 | 3.9% | 9 |
| 2025 | 212 | 4.3% | 8 |
| 2020–2025 | 999 | 3.9% | 9 |
Tables below show each year 2020–2025; cells are shaded against their row's own peak. Change compares 2025 with 2020 and is shown only where 2020 had at least 10 notifications ("new" where it had none). RASFF Window's data starts on 23 January 2020.
By notification type
| Type | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Border rejection Stopped at the EU's external border; the consignment was not let in. |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 (0.3%) | — |
| Alert A serious risk in a product on the EU market, needing rapid action. |
66 | 107 | 58 | 89 | 99 | 115 | 534 (53.5%) | +74% |
| Information for attention A risk found, but the product is not on other members' markets, so they need not act rapidly. |
32 | 49 | 41 | 48 | 53 | 57 | 280 (28.0%) | +78% |
| Information for follow-up A risk in a product on, or possibly on, other members' markets; follow-up needed, not rapid action. |
18 | 19 | 27 | 41 | 38 | 39 | 182 (18.2%) | +117% |
By food category
| Category | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruits and Vegetables | 15 | 22 | 11 | 18 | 35 | 46 | 147 (14.7%) | +207% |
| Cereals and Bakery Products | 12 | 20 | 12 | 27 | 20 | 26 | 117 (11.7%) | +117% |
| Meat and Meat Products (Other Than Poultry) | 17 | 10 | 21 | 18 | 23 | 10 | 99 (9.9%) | −41% |
| Milk and Milk Products | 11 | 15 | 12 | 14 | 21 | 16 | 89 (8.9%) | +45% |
| Bivalve Molluscs and Products Thereof | 17 | 18 | 8 | 19 | 11 | 14 | 87 (8.7%) | −18% |
| Nuts, Nut Products and Seeds | 17 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 17 | 66 (6.6%) | +0% |
| Other Food Product / Mixed | 3 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 11 | 52 (5.2%) | — |
| Fish and Fish Products | 3 | 14 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 44 (4.4%) | — |
| Dietetic Foods, Food Supplements and Fortified Foods | 1 | 11 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 35 (3.5%) | — |
| Prepared Dishes and Snacks | 1 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 4 | 33 (3.3%) | — |
| Herbs and Spices | 0 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 8 | 32 (3.2%) | — |
| Soups, Broths, Sauces and Condiments | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 30 (3.0%) | — |
| Poultry Meat and Poultry Meat Products | 1 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 29 (2.9%) | — |
| Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations, Coffee and Tea | 0 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 22 (2.2%) | — |
| Food Additives and Flavourings | 1 | 10 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 21 (2.1%) | — |
| Confectionery | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 15 (1.5%) | — |
| Ices and Desserts | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 15 (1.5%) | — |
| Fats and Oils | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 13 (1.3%) | — |
| Non-Alcoholic Beverages | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 13 (1.3%) | — |
| Cephalopods and Products Thereof | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 8 (0.8%) | — |
| Crustaceans and Products Thereof | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 (0.5%) | — |
| Eggs and Egg Products | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 5 (0.5%) | — |
| Gastropods | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 (0.5%) | — |
| Natural Mineral Waters | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 (0.5%) | — |
| Alcoholic Beverages | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 (0.4%) | — |
| Water for Human Consumption (Other) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 (0.3%) | — |
| Honey and Royal Jelly | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 (0.2%) | new |
| Wine | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.2%) | — |
| Food Contact Materials | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.1%) | — |
By hazard class
A notification citing hazards of two classes counts once in each, so rows can add up to more than the total.
| Hazard class | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogenic micro-organisms | 34 | 45 | 38 | 56 | 69 | 51 | 293 (29.3%) | +50% |
| Pesticide residues | 23 | 36 | 9 | 10 | 16 | 31 | 125 (12.5%) | +35% |
| Mycotoxins | 5 | 6 | 9 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 60 (6.0%) | — |
| Heavy metals | 4 | 15 | 6 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 55 (5.5%) | — |
| Allergens | 4 | 5 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 42 (4.2%) | — |
| Environmental pollutants | 1 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 27 (2.7%) | — |
| Natural toxins (other) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 18 (1.8%) | — |
| Biological contaminants | 0 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 15 (1.5%) | — |
| Foreign bodies | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 13 (1.3%) | — |
| Non-pathogenic micro-organisms | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 13 (1.3%) | — |
| Composition | 0 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 10 (1.0%) | — |
| Food additives and flavourings | 0 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 (0.9%) | — |
| Novel food | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 7 (0.7%) | — |
| Residues of veterinary medicinal products | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 (0.7%) | — |
| Migration | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 (0.5%) | — |
| Organoleptic aspects | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 (0.4%) | — |
| Parasitic infestation | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 (0.4%) | — |
| Chemical contamination (other) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 (0.3%) | — |
| Gmo / novel food | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.2%) | — |
| Industrial contaminants | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.2%) | — |
| Not determined (other) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.1%) | — |
| Radiation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.1%) | — |
| No hazard recorded | 33 | 43 | 37 | 56 | 54 | 67 | 290 (29.0%) | +103% |
| Unclassified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 (0.3%) | — |
By risk level
| Risk decision | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serious | 85 | 130 | 83 | 108 | 115 | 124 | 645 (64.6%) | +46% |
| Potentially serious | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 38 | 46 | 108 (10.8%) | — |
| Potential risk | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 24 | 28 | 81 (8.1%) | — |
| Not serious | 9 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 12 | 13 | 79 (7.9%) | — |
| No risk | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 (0.5%) | — |
| Undecided | 21 | 27 | 29 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 81 (8.1%) | −100% |
Most-cited substances
Labels RASFF records for one substance are merged (e.g. chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-ethyl); chemically distinct compounds stay apart.
Pesticide residues
| Substance | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ethylene oxide | 17 | 23 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | −100% |
| chlorpyrifos | 0 | 3 | 0 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 17 | — |
| acetamiprid | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 11 | 16 | — |
| dimethoate | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 5 | — |
| tetramethrin | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 5 | — |
| dithiocarbamates | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | — |
| lambda-cyhalothrin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 | — |
| linuron | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | — |
| formetanate | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | — |
| chlorate | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | — |
Other hazards
| Substance | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| salmonella | 9 | 13 | 17 | 23 | 31 | 22 | 115 | — |
| listeria monocytogenes | 9 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 23 | 13 | 76 | — |
| escherichia coli | 9 | 17 | 2 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 56 | — |
| aflatoxins | 3 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 32 | — |
| cadmium | 1 | 6 | 3 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 27 | — |
| norovirus | 4 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 21 | — |
| ochratoxin A | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 14 | — |
| nitrate | 0 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 13 | — |
| mercury | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 12 | — |
| escherichia coli shigatoxin-producing | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 11 | — |
By month
Pooled across 2020–2025. Each row is shaded against its own peak, so its season shows whatever its size. Border rejections peak in March; Alerts peak in November; Information notifications peak in October.
By notification type
| Type | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Border rejections | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | March |
| Alerts | 36 | 48 | 35 | 38 | 44 | 36 | 45 | 54 | 37 | 46 | 62 | 53 | November |
| Information notifications | 37 | 31 | 33 | 20 | 33 | 37 | 45 | 44 | 27 | 54 | 47 | 54 | October |
By hazard class
| Hazard class | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pathogenic micro-organisms | 17 | 20 | 20 | 16 | 20 | 25 | 35 | 19 | 19 | 39 | 32 | 31 | October |
| Pesticide residues | 6 | 6 | 10 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 7 | 14 | 26 | 18 | November |
| Mycotoxins | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 12 | December |
| Heavy metals | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 2 | May |
| Allergens | 3 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | March |
Notifying member states
| Member state | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | 57 | 79 | 42 | 70 | 70 | 91 | 409 | +60% |
| Germany | 12 | 21 | 25 | 27 | 22 | 17 | 124 | +42% |
| France | 7 | 16 | 11 | 12 | 20 | 20 | 86 | — |
| Spain | 8 | 7 | 6 | 17 | 11 | 11 | 60 | — |
| Netherlands | 10 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 13 | 57 | +30% |
| Belgium | 4 | 4 | 12 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 54 | — |
| Austria | 3 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 29 | — |
| Denmark | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 20 | — |
| Sweden | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 19 | — |
| Slovenia | 0 | 9 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 17 | — |
Method
- Source: RASFF Window, the European Commission's public notification database; every food notification validated in 2020–2025.
- A notification naming several origins counts once for each, so origin shares can add up to more than 100%.
- Hazard classes are the ones RASFF attaches to each hazard. A hazard without a class is "unclassified"; a notification exported without any hazard is "no hazard recorded".
- Counts describe what EU authorities found and reported. They depend on how often each product is checked, so they are not a rate of unsafe food.
- Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Cite as "Italy food safety record, 2020–2025: EU RASFF", fruit-risk.com, 2026-09-23, https://rasff.fruit-risk.com/reports/italy.html.
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