Turkey in RASFF, 2020–2025
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Turkey was the origin of 2,734 of 25,645 EU food notifications in 2020–2025 (10.7%), the most of any origin. 70.9% concerned fruits and vegetables; the most-cited hazard class was pesticide residues, and the most-cited substance aflatoxins.
Food only (feed and food contact materials excluded), all notification types — border rejections, alerts and information notifications — validated 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2025. Download every table (CSV).
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By year
| Year | Notifications | Share of EU total | Rank among origins |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 366 | 10.5% | 2 |
| 2021 | 570 | 13.6% | 1 |
| 2022 | 504 | 12.8% | 1 |
| 2023 | 339 | 8.0% | 1 |
| 2024 | 476 | 9.8% | 1 |
| 2025 | 479 | 9.8% | 1 |
| 2020–2025 | 2,734 | 10.7% | 1 |
Year links open that year's border rejections, entry by entry.
Tables below show each year 2020–2025; cells are shaded against their row's own peak. Change compares 2025 with 2020 and is shown only where 2020 had at least 10 notifications ("new" where it had none). RASFF Window's data starts on 23 January 2020.
By notification type
| Type | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Border rejection border rejections → Stopped at the EU's external border; the consignment was not let in. |
285 | 362 | 343 | 206 | 320 | 296 | 1,812 (66.3%) | +4% |
| Alert A serious risk in a product on the EU market, needing rapid action. |
30 | 88 | 61 | 48 | 50 | 58 | 335 (12.3%) | +93% |
| Information for attention A risk found, but the product is not on other members' markets, so they need not act rapidly. |
42 | 92 | 87 | 72 | 81 | 91 | 465 (17.0%) | +117% |
| Information for follow-up A risk in a product on, or possibly on, other members' markets; follow-up needed, not rapid action. |
9 | 28 | 13 | 13 | 25 | 34 | 122 (4.5%) | — |
By food category
| Category | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruits and Vegetables border rejections → Berries & grapes · Citrus · Other · Other vegetables · Peppers & chilies · Stone fruit · Tropical (figs, pomegranate, mango, dates) |
277 | 431 | 384 | 215 | 330 | 302 | 1,939 (70.9%) | +9% |
| Nuts, Nut Products and Seeds border rejections → Groundnut / peanut · Hazelnut · Other · Other nuts & seeds · Pistachio · Sesame · Sunflower seeds |
37 | 41 | 34 | 27 | 53 | 76 | 268 (9.8%) | +105% |
| Herbs and Spices border rejections → | 16 | 19 | 31 | 50 | 38 | 34 | 188 (6.9%) | +112% |
| Confectionery border rejections → | 4 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 19 | 59 (2.2%) | — |
| Dietetic Foods, Food Supplements and Fortified Foods border rejections → | 8 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 56 (2.0%) | — |
| Other Food Product / Mixed border rejections → | 6 | 15 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 51 (1.9%) | — |
| Cereals and Bakery Products border rejections → Bakery & biscuits · Other |
4 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 34 (1.2%) | — |
| Food Additives and Flavourings | 0 | 12 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 23 (0.8%) | — |
| Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations, Coffee and Tea | 5 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 21 (0.8%) | — |
| Ices and Desserts | 1 | 10 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 (0.6%) | — |
| Prepared Dishes and Snacks | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 16 (0.6%) | — |
| Fats and Oils border rejections → | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 13 (0.5%) | — |
| Fish and Fish Products | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 13 (0.5%) | — |
| Natural Mineral Waters | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 8 (0.3%) | — |
| Milk and Milk Products | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7 (0.3%) | — |
| Soups, Broths, Sauces and Condiments border rejections → | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 (0.2%) | — |
| Non-Alcoholic Beverages border rejections → | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 5 (0.2%) | — |
| Honey and Royal Jelly | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 (0.1%) | — |
| Bivalve Molluscs and Products Thereof | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (0.1%) | — |
| Crustaceans and Products Thereof | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.1%) | — |
| Meat and Meat Products (Other Than Poultry) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.0%) | — |
| Water for Human Consumption (Other) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.0%) | — |
By hazard class
A notification citing hazards of two classes counts once in each, so rows can add up to more than the total.
| Hazard class | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pesticide residues | 188 | 385 | 316 | 168 | 140 | 105 | 1,302 (47.6%) | −44% |
| Mycotoxins | 106 | 100 | 105 | 67 | 208 | 253 | 839 (30.7%) | +139% |
| Natural toxins (other) | 13 | 10 | 19 | 27 | 26 | 21 | 116 (4.2%) | +62% |
| Pathogenic micro-organisms | 7 | 9 | 19 | 19 | 23 | 20 | 97 (3.5%) | — |
| Composition | 3 | 9 | 17 | 26 | 22 | 14 | 91 (3.3%) | — |
| Food additives and flavourings | 10 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 7 | 43 (1.6%) | −30% |
| Allergens | 2 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 15 | 34 (1.2%) | — |
| Industrial contaminants | 3 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 24 (0.9%) | — |
| Biological contaminants | 1 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 12 (0.4%) | — |
| Environmental pollutants | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 11 (0.4%) | — |
| Foreign bodies | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 9 (0.3%) | — |
| Heavy metals | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 8 (0.3%) | — |
| Novel food | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6 (0.2%) | — |
| Non-pathogenic micro-organisms | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 (0.2%) | — |
| Organoleptic aspects | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 (0.2%) | — |
| Residues of veterinary medicinal products | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 (0.2%) | — |
| Labelling absent/incomplete/incorrect | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 (0.1%) | — |
| Chemical contamination (other) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 (0.1%) | — |
| Migration | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 (0.1%) | new |
| Not determined (other) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 (0.1%) | — |
| No hazard recorded | 29 | 26 | 13 | 12 | 18 | 29 | 127 (4.6%) | +0% |
| Unclassified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 10 (0.4%) | — |
By risk level
| Risk decision | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serious | 286 | 336 | 284 | 246 | 377 | 353 | 1,882 (68.8%) | +23% |
| Potentially serious | 0 | 0 | 1 | 50 | 47 | 60 | 158 (5.8%) | — |
| Potential risk | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 33 | 50 | 106 (3.9%) | — |
| Not serious | 13 | 22 | 16 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 85 (3.1%) | −8% |
| No risk | 6 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 37 (1.4%) | — |
| Undecided | 61 | 205 | 195 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 466 (17.0%) | −100% |
Most-cited substances
Labels RASFF records for one substance are merged (e.g. chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-ethyl); chemically distinct compounds stay apart.
Pesticide residues
| Substance | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chlorpyrifos-methyl Fruits and Vegetables · Herbs and Spices |
41 | 142 | 133 | 51 | 26 | 8 | 401 | −80% |
| acetamiprid Fruits and Vegetables · Herbs and Spices · Other Food Product / Mixed |
33 | 51 | 39 | 27 | 31 | 27 | 208 | −18% |
| chlorpyrifos Fruits and Vegetables · Herbs and Spices · Cereals and Bakery Products |
18 | 62 | 67 | 24 | 9 | 2 | 182 | −89% |
| prochloraz Fruits and Vegetables |
24 | 47 | 24 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 125 | −83% |
| formetanate Fruits and Vegetables |
25 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 8 | 10 | 76 | −60% |
| pyridaben Fruits and Vegetables |
42 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 71 | −100% |
| buprofezin Fruits and Vegetables |
13 | 21 | 10 | 11 | 7 | 0 | 62 | −100% |
| ethylene oxide Herbs and Spices · Other Food Product / Mixed · Dietetic Foods, Food Supplements and Fortified Foods |
0 | 25 | 16 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 49 | — |
| fenvalerate Fruits and Vegetables · Other Food Product / Mixed |
9 | 16 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 40 | — |
| dithiocarbamates Fruits and Vegetables · Other Food Product / Mixed · Herbs and Spices |
0 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 9 | 30 | — |
Other hazards
By month
Pooled across 2020–2025. Each row is shaded against its own peak, so its season shows whatever its size. Border rejections peak in November; Alerts peak in March; Information notifications peak in March.
By notification type
| Type | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Border rejections | 225 | 144 | 171 | 125 | 151 | 142 | 56 | 62 | 106 | 159 | 246 | 225 | November |
| Alerts | 25 | 28 | 37 | 33 | 27 | 19 | 32 | 32 | 29 | 16 | 25 | 32 | March |
| Information notifications | 53 | 52 | 66 | 39 | 51 | 56 | 40 | 31 | 35 | 62 | 44 | 58 | March |
By hazard class
| Hazard class | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pesticide residues | 186 | 119 | 160 | 94 | 124 | 117 | 55 | 44 | 71 | 106 | 107 | 119 | January |
| Mycotoxins | 81 | 60 | 62 | 51 | 53 | 39 | 31 | 28 | 48 | 73 | 163 | 150 | November |
| Natural toxins (other) | 4 | 5 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 19 | 11 | 14 | October |
| Pathogenic micro-organisms | 5 | 13 | 9 | 13 | 6 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 4 | February |
| Composition | 5 | 4 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 8 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 9 | August |
Notifying member states
| Member state | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bulgaria | 166 | 253 | 223 | 129 | 116 | 92 | 979 | −45% |
| Germany | 59 | 104 | 64 | 48 | 64 | 118 | 457 | +100% |
| France | 21 | 15 | 25 | 17 | 70 | 62 | 210 | +195% |
| Italy | 8 | 27 | 35 | 19 | 68 | 43 | 200 | — |
| Netherlands | 18 | 16 | 24 | 25 | 24 | 40 | 147 | +122% |
| Belgium | 7 | 15 | 18 | 14 | 10 | 16 | 80 | — |
| Romania | 7 | 25 | 22 | 9 | 10 | 4 | 77 | — |
| Greece | 1 | 7 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 18 | 70 | — |
| Poland | 6 | 10 | 15 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 62 | — |
| Spain | 7 | 10 | 8 | 3 | 17 | 10 | 55 | — |
Current EU check frequencies
Reg. (EU) 2019/1793 sets how often consignments of these products from Turkey are opened at the EU border.
| Product | Hazard | Checks | Annex |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dried fruit | Aflatoxins | 50% | II |
| Flours of pulses and fruit | Aflatoxins | 50% | II |
| Jams and fruit purées | Aflatoxins | 50% | II |
| Pistachio | Aflatoxins | 50% | II |
| Prepared fruit and nuts | Aflatoxins | 50% | II |
| Prepared fruit and nuts | Pesticide residues | 50% | II |
| Seeds and kernels (e.g. apricot) | Cyanide | 50% | II |
| Dried fruit | Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A | 30% | II |
| Flours of pulses and fruit | Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A | 30% | II |
| Jams and fruit purées | Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A | 30% | II |
| Medicinal plants | Pyrrolizidine alkaloids | 30% | I |
| Prepared fruit and nuts | Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A | 30% | II |
| Prepared fruit and nuts | Salmonella | 30% | I |
| Sesame | Salmonella | 30% | I |
| Tropical (Figs, Pomegranate, Mango, Dates) | Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A | 30% | II |
| Tropical (Figs, Pomegranate, Mango, Dates) | Pesticide residues | 30% | I |
| Citrus | Pesticide residues | 20% | I |
| Citrus | Pesticide residues | 20% | II |
| Other Vegetables | Pesticide residues | 20% | I |
| Peppers & Chilies | Pesticide residues | 20% | I |
| Citrus | Pesticide residues | 10% | II |
Method
- Source: RASFF Window, the European Commission's public notification database; every food notification validated in 2020–2025.
- A notification naming several origins counts once for each, so origin shares can add up to more than 100%. RASFF records this origin as Turkey and Türkiye; both are counted here.
- Hazard classes are the ones RASFF attaches to each hazard. A hazard without a class is "unclassified"; a notification exported without any hazard is "no hazard recorded".
- Counts describe what EU authorities found and reported. They depend on how often each product is checked, so they are not a rate of unsafe food.
- Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Cite as "Turkey food safety record, 2020–2025: EU RASFF", fruit-risk.com, 2026-09-23, https://rasff.fruit-risk.com/reports/turkey.html.
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