unknown origin in RASFF, 2020–2025
← All origin reports unknown origin: border rejections, last 3 years →
unknown origin was the origin of 169 of 25,645 EU food notifications in 2020–2025 (0.7%), ranking 32nd of 160 origins. 58.6% concerned dietetic foods, food supplements and fortified foods; the most-cited hazard class was novel food, and the most-cited substance cannabidiol (cbd).
Food only (feed and food contact materials excluded), all notification types — border rejections, alerts and information notifications — validated 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2025. Download every table (CSV).
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By year
| Year | Notifications | Share of EU total | Rank among origins |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 30 | 0.9% | 24 |
| 2021 | 33 | 0.8% | 24 |
| 2022 | 24 | 0.6% | 31 |
| 2023 | 13 | 0.3% | 54 |
| 2024 | 16 | 0.3% | 49 |
| 2025 | 53 | 1.1% | 23 |
| 2020–2025 | 169 | 0.7% | 32 |
Tables below show each year 2020–2025; cells are shaded against their row's own peak. Change compares 2025 with 2020 and is shown only where 2020 had at least 10 notifications ("new" where it had none). RASFF Window's data starts on 23 January 2020.
By notification type
| Type | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Border rejection border rejections → Stopped at the EU's external border; the consignment was not let in. |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 (1.2%) | — |
| Alert A serious risk in a product on the EU market, needing rapid action. |
14 | 9 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 17 | 53 (31.4%) | +21% |
| Information for attention A risk found, but the product is not on other members' markets, so they need not act rapidly. |
8 | 12 | 11 | 2 | 5 | 29 | 67 (39.6%) | — |
| Information for follow-up A risk in a product on, or possibly on, other members' markets; follow-up needed, not rapid action. |
8 | 12 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 47 (27.8%) | — |
How problems were found
| Found by | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Official control on the market | 9 | 13 | 11 | 7 | 6 | 20 | 66 (39.1%) | — |
| Other | 15 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 4 | 10 | 46 (27.2%) | −33% |
| Consumer complaint or illness | 2 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 30 (17.8%) | — |
| Company's own check | 4 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 16 (9.5%) | — |
| Monitoring or surveillance sample | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 9 (5.3%) | new |
| At the EU border | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 (1.2%) | — |
Did it reach the EU market?
Of the notifications whose record says either way, 96.2% concerned a product that had been placed on the market; the rest were stopped before it. RASFF records whether a product was on sale, not whether anyone bought it.
| Year | Reached the market | Stopped before | Not stated | Share reached |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 26 | 1 | 3 | 96.3% |
| 2021 | 30 | 0 | 3 | 100.0% |
| 2022 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 100.0% |
| 2023 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 100.0% |
| 2024 | 12 | 2 | 2 | 85.7% |
| 2025 | 48 | 3 | 2 | 94.1% |
Distributed to
| Country | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden | 9 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 36 | — |
| Germany | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 24 | — |
| Finland | 5 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 22 | — |
| France | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 17 | — |
| Ireland | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 17 | — |
| Netherlands | 4 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 16 | — |
| Poland | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 16 | — |
| Portugal | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 13 | — |
| Belgium | 4 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 12 | — |
| Denmark | 7 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 12 | — |
What was done
A notification can record several actions; each is counted once per notification, so shares can add up to more than 100%.
| Action | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authorities or operators informed | 21 | 8 | 13 | 9 | 6 | 23 | 80 (47.3%) | +10% |
| Withdrawn from the market | 6 | 14 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 13 | 51 (30.2%) | — |
| Not stated | 5 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 26 (15.4%) | — |
| Recalled from consumers | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 9 | 25 (14.8%) | — |
| Destroyed | 2 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 17 (10.1%) | — |
| Detained or held under seal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 16 (9.5%) | — |
| Re-dispatched | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 9 (5.3%) | — |
| Reinforced checks ordered | 0 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (5.3%) | — |
| Re-dispatched or destroyed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 (1.8%) | new |
| Treated, relabelled or diverted | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | — |
Consumer recalls by year
| Year | Recalls | Share of notifications |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 5 | 16.7% |
| 2021 | 2 | 6.1% |
| 2022 | 3 | 12.5% |
| 2023 | 3 | 23.1% |
| 2024 | 3 | 18.8% |
| 2025 | 9 | 17.0% |
By food category
| Category | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietetic Foods, Food Supplements and Fortified Foods | 13 | 21 | 21 | 7 | 10 | 27 | 99 (58.6%) | +108% |
| Herbs and Spices | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 13 (7.7%) | — |
| Nuts, Nut Products and Seeds | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 12 (7.1%) | — |
| Confectionery border rejections → | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 11 (6.5%) | — |
| Other Food Product / Mixed | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 7 (4.1%) | — |
| Cereals and Bakery Products | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (3.0%) | — |
| Cocoa and Cocoa Preparations, Coffee and Tea | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 (3.0%) | — |
| Fruits and Vegetables | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 (2.4%) | — |
| Fish and Fish Products | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 (1.2%) | — |
| Non-Alcoholic Beverages | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.2%) | — |
| Poultry Meat and Poultry Meat Products | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 (1.2%) | — |
| Bivalve Molluscs and Products Thereof | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (0.6%) | new |
| Cephalopods and Products Thereof | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | — |
| Crustaceans and Products Thereof | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | — |
| Fats and Oils | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | — |
| Meat and Meat Products (Other Than Poultry) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | — |
| Prepared Dishes and Snacks | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (0.6%) | new |
| Soups, Broths, Sauces and Condiments | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | — |
By hazard class
A notification citing hazards of two classes counts once in each, so rows can add up to more than the total.
| Hazard class | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Novel food | 5 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 18 (10.7%) | — |
| Composition | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 11 (6.5%) | — |
| Pathogenic micro-organisms | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 10 (5.9%) | — |
| Biological contaminants | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 7 (4.1%) | — |
| Gmo / novel food | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7 (4.1%) | — |
| Pesticide residues | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 7 (4.1%) | — |
| Mycotoxins | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 5 (3.0%) | — |
| Heavy metals | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 (1.8%) | — |
| Natural toxins (other) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 (1.8%) | — |
| Not determined (other) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 (1.2%) | — |
| Allergens | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | — |
| Environmental pollutants | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 (0.6%) | new |
| Genetically modified | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | — |
| Industrial contaminants | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) | — |
| No hazard recorded | 16 | 12 | 20 | 7 | 12 | 29 | 96 (56.8%) | +81% |
By risk level
| Risk decision | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serious | 15 | 11 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 17 | 66 (39.1%) | +13% |
| Potentially serious | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 17 (10.1%) | — |
| Potential risk | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 26 | 37 (21.9%) | — |
| Not serious | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 (3.0%) | — |
| Undecided | 14 | 19 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 (26.0%) | −100% |
Most-cited substances
Labels RASFF records for one substance are merged (e.g. chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-ethyl); chemically distinct compounds stay apart.
Pesticide residues
| Substance | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ethylene oxide | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | — |
| chlorpyrifos | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | — |
| cypermethrin | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | — |
| haloxyfop | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | new |
| linuron | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | new |
Other hazards
| Substance | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cannabidiol (cbd) Confectionery |
5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 10 | — |
| salmonella | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | — |
| tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) Confectionery |
0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | — |
| aflatoxins | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | — |
| cyanide | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | new |
| epimedium unauthorised | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | — |
| ingredient | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | new |
| pyrrolizidine alkaloids | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | — |
| bacillus cereus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | new |
| cadmium | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | — |
By month
Pooled across 2020–2025. Each row is shaded against its own peak, so its season shows whatever its size. Border rejections peak in September; Alerts peak in December; Information notifications peak in October.
By notification type
| Type | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Border rejections | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | September |
| Alerts | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 9 | 11 | December |
| Information notifications | 4 | 12 | 14 | 4 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 21 | 21 | 6 | October |
By hazard class
| Hazard class | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Peak |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Novel food | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | May |
| Composition | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 0 | October |
| Pathogenic micro-organisms | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | November |
| Biological contaminants | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | June |
| Gmo / novel food | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | February |
Notifying member states
| Member state | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 | 2020–2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden | 13 | 15 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 7 | 49 | −46% |
| Poland | 1 | 0 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 19 | — |
| Ireland | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 15 | — |
| Germany | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 13 | — |
| Spain | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 13 | — |
| Finland | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 12 | — |
| Austria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 | — |
| Slovenia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 6 | — |
| Lithuania | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | — |
| Denmark | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | — |
Method
Source: RASFF Window, the European Commission's public notification database; every food notification validated in 2020–2025.
A notification naming several origins counts once for each, so origin shares can add up to more than 100%.
Hazard classes are the ones RASFF attaches to each hazard. A hazard without a class is "unclassified"; a notification exported without any hazard is "no hazard recorded".
Counts describe what EU authorities found and reported. They depend on how often each product is checked, so they are not a rate of unsafe food.
Licence: CC-BY-4.0. Cite as "unknown origin food safety record, 2020–2025: EU RASFF", RASFF Trends, 2026-10-14, https://rasff.fruit-risk.com/reports/unknown-origin.html.